Diplomatic relations between the State of Qatar and the Republic of Kazakhstan were established on 1 July 1993. Embassy of Qatar was opened in May 2008 in Astana. Embassy of Kazakhstan was opened in Doha in May 2007.

His Highness Sheikh Hamad Bin Khalifa Al-Thani, the father Emir, held the first official visit to Kazakhstan during  20-22/04/1999. The Qatari side was involved in the construction of the new capital Astana. His Highness expressed his country's readiness to grant $ 6.8 million to build the Islamic Center in Astana. The construction of the center was completed on 22/03/2005.

His Highness Sheikh Tamim bin Hamad Al-Thani, Emir of Qatar, visited Kazakhstan on January 20, 2014. During the meeting with the President of Kazakhstan they signed the agreement between the Government of the State of Qatar and the Republic of Kazakhstan on the avoidance of double taxation and the prevention of fiscal evasion in respect of taxes, Protocol of the agreement, agreement between Qatar Petroleum and Kazakhstan National Mining Company (Tau-Ken Samruk) and the Memorandum of understanding between Qatar Investment Authority and Samruk Fund.

His Highness the Emir and the President of the Republic of Kazakhstan held a meeting prior to the signing ceremony, during which they discussed the relations and cooperation between the two countries and means of their strengthening.

Kazakhstan-Qatar Joint Intergovernmental Commission is an important mechanism of development and expansion of bilateral cooperation in the fields of economy, trade and culture.